WWII 1942 US Navy Torpedo Bomber \"Grumman TBF Avenger\" W.E.F.T.U.P. ID Poster For Sale

Size: 19 x 25 inches

This original ‘RESTRICTED’ aircraft identification poster was published by the U.S. Naval Aviation Training Division October 1942. This poster was posted as a training tool as well as an in theater ID poster to help U.S. and other Allied pilots, bomber crews and Naval personal to identify Allied and enemy aircraft. W.E.F.T.U.P. or Wing, Engine, Fuselage, Tail, Undercarriage, Peculiarities was a system set up for the purpose of aircraft identification and recognition.

World War II saw some of the first introduction of these aircraft ID poster to prevent friendly fire and more accurate plane recognition in combat. It was believed these posters alone could save countless lives from friendly aircraft-on-aircraft or friendly anit-aircraft fire. These posters also could cut down precious second pilots, bomber gunners, and naval gun crews would have to ID a plane flying towards them intern saving their lives by shooting first.

Each poster provides the silhouettes, dimensions, and relevant information to educate both air and ground personnel in aircraft identification. Immediate identification of aircraft, friendly or not, was essential in order for the observer (whether in the air e.g., pilot, gunner, or patrol observer, or on the ground, e.g., anti-aircraft crew) to determine his next course of action (e.g., acknowledge, attack, evade, or report). Each poster details a large clean sky and background image of the specified aircraft located as the main top imagine on the poster. It also contains important ‘peculiarities’ such as where certain gun emplacements are located, other special aircraft features, as well as wing and length measurements.

Grumman TBF Avenger:

TheGrumman TBF Avenger(designatedTBMfor aircraft manufactured byGeneral Motors) is an Americantorpedo bomberdeveloped initially for theUnited States NavyandMarine Corps, and eventually used by several air andnaval aviationservices around the world.The Avenger entered U.S. service in 1942, and first saw action during theBattle of Midway. Despite the loss of five of the six Avengers on its combat debut, it survived in service to become the most effective[1]and widely-used torpedo bomber of World War II, sharing credit for sinking the super-battleshipsYamatoandMusashi(the only ships of that type sunk exclusively by American aircraft while under way) and being credited for sinking 30 submarines. Greatly modified after the war, it remained in use until the 1960s.On the afternoon of 7 December 1941, Grumman held a ceremony to open a new manufacturing plant and display the new TBF to the public. Coincidentally, on that day, theImperial Japanese Navyattacked Pearl Harbor, as Grumman soon found out. After the ceremony was over, the plant was quickly sealed off to guard against possible sabotage. By early June 1942, a shipment of more than 100 aircraft was sent to the Navy, arriving only a few hours after the three carriers quickly departed fromPearl Harbor, so most of them were too late to participate in the pivotalBattle of Midway.Six TBF-1s were present onMidway Island– as part of VT-8 (Torpedo Squadron 8)– while the rest of thesquadronflew Devastators from the aircraft carrierHornet. Both types of torpedo bombers suffered heavy casualties. Out of the six Avengers, five were shot down and the other returned heavily damaged with one of its gunners killed, and the other gunner and the pilot injured. Nonetheless, the US torpedo bombers were credited with drawing away the Japanesecombat air patrolsso the American dive bombers could successfully hit the Japanese carriers.AuthorGordon Prangeposited inMiracle at Midwaythat the outdated Devastators (and lack of new aircraft) contributed somewhat to the lack of a complete victory at Midway (the four Japanese fleet carriers were sunk directly by dive bombers instead). Others pointed out that the inexperienced American pilots and lack of fighter cover were responsible for poor showing of US torpedo bombers, regardless of type.[6]Later in the war, with growing American air superiority, better attack coordination and more veteran pilots, Avengers were able to play vital roles in the subsequent battles against Japanese surface forces.[7]On 24 August 1942, the next major naval aircraft carrier battle occurred at theEastern Solomons. Based on the carriersSaratogaandEnterprise, the 24 TBFs present were able to sink the Japanese light carrierRyūjōand claim one dive bomber, at the cost of seven aircraft.The first major \"prize\" for the TBFs (which had been assigned the name \"Avenger\" in October 1941,[8][9]before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor) was at theNaval Battle of Guadalcanalin November 1942, when Marine Corps and Navy Avengers helped sink the JapanesebattleshipHiei, which had already been crippled the night before.After hundreds of the originalTBF-1models were built, theTBF-1Cbegan production. The allotment of space for specialized internal and wing-mounted fuel tanks doubled the Avenger\'s range. By 1943, Grumman began to slowly phase out production of the Avenger to produceF6F Hellcatfighters, and the Eastern Aircraft Division ofGeneral Motorstook over production, with these aircraft being designatedTBM. The Eastern Aircraft plant was located inEwing, New Jersey. Grumman delivered a TBF-1, held together with sheet metal screws, so that the automotive engineers could disassemble it, a part at a time, and redesign the aircraft for automotive style production. This aircraft was known as the \"P-K Avenger\" (\"P-K\" being an abbreviation for Parker-Kalon, manufacturer of sheet metal screws). Starting in mid-1944, theTBM-3began production (with a more powerful powerplant and wing hardpoints for drop tanks androckets). The dash-3 was the most numerous of the Avengers (with about 4,600 produced). However, most of the Avengers in service were dash-1s until near the end of the war in 1945.Besides the traditional surface role (torpedoing surface ships), Avengers claimed about 30submarinekills, including the cargo submarineI-52. They were one of the most effective sub-killers in thePacific theater, as well as in the Atlantic, when escort carriers were finally available to escort Allied convoys. There, the Avengers contributed to the warding off of GermanU-boatswhile providing air cover for the convoys.After the \"Marianas Turkey Shoot\", in which more than 250 Japanese aircraft were downed,AdmiralMarc Mitscherordered a 220-aircraft mission to find the Japanese task force. Fighting 300nmi (560km) away from the fleet at the extreme end of their range, the group of Hellcats, TBF/TBMs, anddive bomberstook many casualties. However, Avengers from theIndependence-classaircraft carrierUSSBelleau Woodsank the light carrierHiyōas their only major prize. Mitscher\'s gamble did not pay off as well as he had hoped.In June 1943, shortly before his 19th birthday, future-PresidentGeorge H. W. Bushwas commissioned as the youngest naval aviator at the time.[10]Later, while flying a TBM with VT-51 (fromUSSSan Jacinto), his Avenger was shot down on 2 September 1944 over the Pacific island ofChichi Jima.[11]However, he released his payload and hit the radio tower target before being forced to bail out over water. Both of his crewmates died. He was rescued at sea by the American submarineUSSFinback. He later received theDistinguished Flying Cross.Another famous Avenger aviator wasPaul Newman, who flew as a rear gunner. He had hoped to be accepted for pilot training, but did not qualify because he wascolor blind. Newman was on board the escort carrierUSSHollandiaroughly 500mi (800km) from Japan when theEnola Gaydropped thefirst atomic bombonHiroshima.[12]The Avenger was the type of torpedo bomber used during the sinking of the two Japanese \"super battleships\", with the US Navy having complete air superiority in both engagements:MusashiandYamato.[7][13]The postwar disappearance on 5 December 1945 of a flight of five American Avengers, known asFlight 19, was later added to theBermuda Trianglelegend, first written about by Edward Van Winkle Jones in anAssociated Pressarticle published in September 1950.[14]During World War II, the US aeronautical research armNACAused a complete Avenger in a comprehensivedrag-reductionstudy in their largeLangleywind tunnel.[15][failed verification]The resulting NACA Technical Report shows the impressive results available if practical aircraft did not have to be \"practical\".